Global Energy Rationing by Arthur Robinson March 8, 2007 The global warmers are not interested in humility or experimental verification. Consider the hypothesis of "human-caused global warming" and the concomitant hypothesis that warming of the earth will soon result in vast environmental damage – the two hypotheses now being promoted under the banner of an alleged "scientific consensus" and a need for worldwide energy taxation and rationing.
First, there is not a single experimental observation – not even one – that verifies either of these hypotheses. The first hypothesis is supported solely by computer extrapolations of future earth temperatures, using mathematical models with so many adjustable parameters that they can be made to predict virtually any conclusion. At best, this is a computer-modeled hypothesis that has never been validated by any experimental test whatever. The second hypothesis does not even have a computer model that suggests it, and, like the first, has not been verified by any experimental test.
Follow the Money at IceCap.com 3/10/2010 It’s about time that someone once and for all puts the lie to the recurrent charges that the AGW skeptical community is supported by “Big Oil”, or is populated by “flat-earthers”, or by those who in the past have been complicit with “the tobacco lobby”. ...
The facts are that quite the opposite is the case. For example, let’s take “Big
Oil”. BP has contributed over $500 Million to UC Berkeley, one of the Bay Area’s
centers of AGW support, for its Energy Biosciences Institute.
Stanford University has received $225 Million from ExxonMobil, Toyota and
Schlumberger for its Global Climate and Energy Project. That money will be
combined with a $50 Million donation from alumnus Jay Precourt whose career as
an oil engineer included such companies as Hamilton Oil and Tejas Gas Corp. The
new entity will be named the Precourt Center for Energy Efficiency, see
http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-01-13/news/17198474_1_energy-efficiency-greenhouse-gases-uc-berkeley
...
As for individuals active in the promotion of AGW, Susan Solomon, a Phd from Stanford and a lead author of the 2007 IPC Report was a recipient of the 2004 Blue Planet Prize, a 50 Million Yen (~$460,000) cash award from the Asahi Glass Foundation , see http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2004/s2249.htm
Other high profile figures such as James Hansen and Michael Mann have received six-figure amounts from organizations such as the Theresa Heinz Foundation and the Dan David Foundation. It seems as though being a staunch proponent of AGW is a very rewarding position to have.
These are just a fractional example of the money that has flowed from the private sector to individuals and academic institutions friendly to the notion of anthropogenic influences on the environment. Over the past 10 years Government funding to such organizations has been conservatively estimated at well over $50 Billion.
Facts per most climate scientists and skeptics
Article and movies like Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth" are short of truthful facts but long on pictures and words that pull on your emotions. Once you get past the hype and emotions of this issue, the science does not support man-made (anthropogenic) global warming. Not only that, our warming is easily inside the bounds of past climate history. I have given links for all quotes but I also challenge you to do honest research on your own. Throughout this discussion, as well as other topics on this web site, I will provide quotes highlighted in "Blue" along with a link to the related article's link. First, I will give a quick overview of facts that will be much more thoroughly discussed on subsequent web pages.
Earth’s climate is always changing and we must do what every generation of our ancestors did – “adapt to whatever nature has in store for us”.
In the end what matters is how we choose to spend the scare resource of money and time. These are limit and the question you should ask yourself is reducing CO2 the best way to spend our time and money when compared to other issues such as starvation or health related illnesses?
• The most effective greenhouse gas is water vapor, comprising approximately 95 percent of the total greenhouse effect.
• Carbon dioxide concentration has been continually rising for nearly 100 years. It continues to rise, but carbon dioxide concentrations at present are near the lowest in geologic history.
• Temperature change correlation with carbon dioxide levels is not statistically significant.
• There are no data that definitively relate carbon dioxide levels to temperature changes.
• The greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide logarithmically declines with increasing concentration. At present levels, any additional carbon dioxide can have very little effect.
We also know a lot about Earth temperature changes:
• Global temperature changes naturally all of the time, in both directions and at many scales of intensity.
• The warmest year in the U.S. in the last century was 1934, not 1998. The U.S. has the best and most extensive temperature records in the world.
• Global temperature peaked in 1998 on the current 60-80 year cycle, and has been episodically declining ever since. This cooling absolutely falsifies claims that human carbon dioxide emissions are a controlling factor in Earth temperature.
• Voluminous historic records demonstrate the Medieval Climate Optimum (MCO) was real and that the “hockey stick” graphic that attempted to deny that fact was at best bad science. The MCO was considerably warmer than the end of the 20th century.
• During the last 100 years, temperature has both risen and fallen, including the present cooling. All the changes in temperature of the last 100 years are in normal historic ranges, both in absolute value and, most importantly, rate of change.
Contrary to many public statements:
• Effects of temperature change are absolutely independent of the cause of the temperature change.
• Global hurricane, cyclonic and major storm activity is near 30-year lows. Any increase in cost of damages by storms is a product of increasing population density in vulnerable areas such as along the shores and property value inflation, not due to any increase in frequency or severity of storms.
• Polar bears have survived and thrived over periods of extreme cold and extreme warmth over hundreds of thousands of years — extremes far in excess of modern temperature changes.
• The 2009 minimum Arctic ice extent was significantly larger than the previous two years. The 2009 Antarctic maximum ice extent was significantly above the 30-year average. There are only 30 years of records.
• Rate and magnitude of sea level changes observed during the last 100 years are within normal historical ranges. Current sea level rise is tiny and, at most, justifies a prediction of perhaps ten centimeters rise in this century.
Hockey stick observed in NOAA ice core data J. Storrs Hall I’m looking at the temperature record as read from this central Greenland ice core. It gives us about as close as we can come to a direct, experimental measurement of temperature at that one spot for the past 50,000 years. As far as I know, the data are not adjusted according to any fancy computer climate model or anything else like that.
So what does it tell us about, say, the past 500 years?
So what does it tell us about, say, the past 500 years? (the youngest datum is age=0.0951409 (thousand years before present) — perhaps younger snow doesn’t work so well?):
Yes, Virginia, there was a Medieval Warm Period, in central Greenland at any rate. But we knew that — that’s when the Vikings were naming it Greenland, after all. And the following Little Ice Age is what killed them off, and caused widespread crop failures (and the consequent burning of witches) across Europe. But was the MWP itself unusual?
Well, no — over the period of recorded history, the average temperature was about equal to the height of the MWP. Rises not only as high, but as rapid, as the current hockey stick blade have been the rule, not the exception.
ice ages have a better claim on being the natural state of Earth’s climate than interglacials. This next graph, for the longest period, we have to go to an Antarctic core (Vostok):
In other words, we’re pretty lucky to be here during this rare, warm period in climate history. But the broader lesson is, climate doesn’t stand still. It doesn’t even stay on the relatively constrained range of the last 10,000 years for more than about 10,000 years at a time.
CLIMATE CHANGE IS NATURAL: 100 REASONS WHY at Express.co.uk December 15, 2009
1) There is “no real scientific
proof” that the current warming is caused by the rise of greenhouse gases from
man’s activity.
2)
Man-made carbon dioxide emissions
throughout human history constitute less than 0.00022 percent of the total
naturally emitted from the mantle of the earth during geological history.
3)
Warmer periods of the Earth’s history came around 800 years before rises in CO2
levels.
4)
After World War II, there was a huge surge in recorded CO2 emissions but global
temperatures fell for four decades after 1940.
5)
Throughout the Earth’s history, temperatures have often been warmer than now and
CO2 levels have often been higher – more than ten times as high.
6)
Significant changes in
climate
have continually occurred throughout geologic time.
7)
The 0.7C increase in the average global temperature over the last hundred years
is entirely consistent with well-established, long-term, natural climate
trends.
8)
The IPCC theory is driven by just 60 scientists and favourable reviewers not
the 4,000 usually cited.
9)
Leaked e-mails from British climate
scientists – in a scandal known as “Climate-gate” - suggest that that has
been manipulated to exaggerate global warming
10)
A large body of scientific research suggests that the sun is responsible for
the greater share of climate change during the past hundred years.
11)
Politicians and activiists claim
rising sea levels are a direct cause of global warming but sea levels rates
have been increasing steadily since the last ice age 10,000 ago
12)
Philip Stott, Emeritus Professor of Biogeography at the School of Oriental
and African Studies in London says climate change is too complicated to be
caused by just one factor, whether CO2 or clouds
13)
Peter Lilley MP said last month that “fewer people in Britain than in any
other country believe in the importance of global warming. That is despite
the fact that our Government and our political class—predominantly—are more
committed to it than their counterparts in any other country in the world”.
14)
In pursuit of the global warming
rhetoric, wind farms will do very little to nothing to reduce CO2 emissions
15)
Professor Plimer, Professor of Geology and Earth Sciences at the University
of Adelaide, stated that the idea of taking a single trace gas in the
atmosphere, accusing it and finding it guilty of total responsibility for
climate change, is an “absurdity”
16)
A Harvard University astrophysicist and geophysicist, Willie Soon, said he
is “embarrassed and puzzled” by the shallow science in papers that support
the proposition that the earth faces a climate crisis caused by global
warming.
17)
The science of what determines the earth’s temperature is in fact far from
settled or understood.
18)
Despite activist concerns over CO2 levels, CO2 is a minor greenhouse gas,
unlike water vapour which is tied to climate concerns, and which we can’t
even pretend to control
19)
A petition by scientists trying to tell the world that the political and
media portrayal of global warming is false was put forward in the Heidelberg
Appeal in 1992. Today, more than 4,000 signatories, including 72 Nobel Prize
winners, from 106 countries have signed it.
20)
It is claimed the average global temperature increased at a dangerously fast
rate in the 20th century but the recent rate of average global temperature
rise has been between 1 and 2 degrees C per century - within natural rates
21)
Professor Zbigniew Jaworowski, Chairman of the Scientific Council of the
Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection in Warsaw, Poland says the
earth’s temperature has more to do with cloud cover and water vapor than CO2
concentration in the atmosphere.
22)
There is strong evidence from solar studies which suggests that the Earth’s
current temperature stasis will be followed by climatic cooling over the
next few decades
23)
It is myth that receding glaciers are proof of global warming as glaciers
have been receding and growing cyclically for many centuries
24)
It is a falsehood that the earth’s poles are warming because that is natural
variation and while the western Arctic may be getting somewhat warmer we
also see that the Eastern Arctic and Greenland are getting colder
25)
The IPCC claims climate driven
“impacts on biodiversity are significant and of key relevance” but those
claims are simply not supported by scientific research
26)
The IPCC threat of climate change to
the world’s species does not make sense as wild species are at least one
million years old, which means they have all been through hundreds of
climate cycles
27)
Research goes strongly against claims that CO2-induced global warming would
cause catastrophic disintegration of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets.
28)
Despite activist concerns over CO2 levels, rising CO2 levels are our best
hope of raising crop yields to feed an ever-growing population
29)
The biggest climate change ever experienced on earth took place around 700
million years ago
30)
The slight increase in temperature which has been observed since 1900 is
entirely consistent with well-established, long-term natural climate cycles
31)
Despite activist concerns over CO2 levels, rising CO2 levels of some
so-called “greenhouse gases” may be contributing to higher oxygen levels and
global cooling, not warming
32)
Accurate satellite, balloon and mountain top observations made over the last
three decades have not shown any significant change in the long term rate of
increase in global temperatures
33)
Today’s CO2 concentration of around 385 ppm is very low compared to most of
the earth’s history – we actually live in a carbon-deficient atmosphere
34)
It is a myth that CO2 is the most common greenhouse gas because greenhouse
gases form about 3% of the atmosphere by volume, and CO2 constitutes about
0.037% of the atmosphere
35)
It is a myth that computer models verify that CO2 increases will cause
significant global warming because computer models can be made to “verify”
anything
36)
There is no scientific or statistical evidence whatsoever that global
warming will cause more storms and other weather extremes
37)
One statement deleted from a UN report in 1996 stated that “none of the
studies cited above has shown clear evidence that we can attribute the
observed climate changes to increases in greenhouse gases”
38)
The world “warmed” by 0.07 +/- 0.07 degrees C from 1999 to 2008, not the
0.20 degrees C expected by the IPCC
39)
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says “it is likely that future
tropical cyclones (typhoons and hurricanes) will become more intense” but
there has been no increase in the intensity or frequency of tropical
cyclones globally
40)
Rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere can be shown not only to have a
negligible effect on the Earth’s many ecosystems, but in some cases to be a
positive help to many organisms
41)
Researchers who compare and contrast climate change impact on civilizations
found warm periods are beneficial to mankind and cold periods harmful
42)
The Met Office asserts we are in the hottest decade since records began but
this is precisely what the world should expect if the climate is cyclical
43)
Rising CO2 levels increase plant growth and make plants more resistant to
drought and pests
44)
The historical increase in the air’s CO2 content has improved human
nutrition by raising crop yields during the past 150 years
45)
The increase of the air’s CO2 content has probably helped lengthen human
lifespans since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution
46)
The IPCC alleges that “climate change currently contributes to the global
burden of disease and premature deaths” but the evidence shows that higher
temperatures and rising CO2 levels has helped global populations
47)
In May of 2004, the Russian Academy of Sciences published a report
concluding that the Kyoto Protocol has no scientific grounding at all.
48)
The “Climate-gate” scandal pointed
to a expensive public campaign of disinformation and the denigration of
scientists who opposed the belief that CO2 emissions were causing climate
change
49)
The head of Britain’s climate change
watchdog has predicted households will need to spend up to £15,000 on a full
energy efficiency makeover if the Government is to meet its ambitious
targets for cutting carbon emissions.
50)
Wind power is unlikely to be the answer to our energy needs. The wind power
industry argues that there are “no direct subsidies” but it involves a total
subsidy of as much as £60 per MWh which falls directly on electricity
consumers. This burden will grow in line with attempts to achieve Wind power
targets, according to a recent OFGEM report.
51)
Wind farms are not an efficient way to produce energy. The British Wind
Energy Association (BWEA) accepts a figure of 75 per cent back-up power is
required.
52)
Global temperatures are below the
low end of IPCC predictions not at “at the top end of IPCC estimates”
53)
Climate alarmists have raised the concern over acidification of the oceans
but Tom Segalstad from Oslo University in Norway , and others, have noted
that the composition of ocean water – including CO2, calcium, and water –
can act as a buffering agent in the acidification of the oceans.
54)
The UN’s IPCC computer models of
human-caused global warming predict the emergence of a “hotspot” in the
upper troposphere over the tropics. Former researcher in the Australian
Department of Climate Change, David Evans, said there is no evidence of such
a hotspot
55)
The argument that climate change is
a of result of global warming caused by human activity is the argument of
flat Earthers.
56)
The manner in which US President Barack Obama sidestepped Congress to order
emission cuts shows how undemocratic and irrational the entire international
decision-making process has become with regards to emission-target setting.
57)
William Kininmonth, a former head of
the National Climate Centre and a consultant to the World Meteorological
Organisation, wrote “the likely extent of global temperature rise from a
doubling of CO2 is less than 1C. Such warming is well within the envelope of
variation experienced during the past 10,000 years and insignificant in the
context of glacial cycles during the past million years, when Earth has been
predominantly very cold and covered by extensive ice sheets.”
58)
Canada has shown the world targets derived from the existing Kyoto
commitments were always unrealistic and did not work for the country.
59)
In the lead up to the Copenhagen summit, David Davis MP said of previous
climate summits, at Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and Kyoto in 1997 that many had
promised greater cuts, but “neither happened”, but we are continuing along
the same lines.
60)
The UK ’s environmental policy has a long-term price tag of about £55
billion, before taking into account the impact on its economic growth.
61)
The UN’s panel on climate change
warned that Himalayan glaciers could melt to a fifth of current levels by
2035. J. Graham Cogley a professor at Ontario Trent University, claims this
inaccurate stating the UN authors got the date from an earlier report wrong
by more than 300 years.
62)
Under existing Kyoto obligations the EU has attempted to claim success,
while actually increasing emissions by 13 per cent, according to Lord
Lawson. In addition the EU has pursued this scheme by purchasing “offsets”
from countries such as China paying them billions of dollars to destroy
atmospheric pollutants, such as CFC-23, which were manufactured purely in
order to be destroyed.
63)
It is claimed that the average
global temperature was relatively unchanging in pre-industrial times but
sky-rocketed since 1900, and will increase by several degrees more over the
next 100 years according to Penn State University researcher Michael Mann.
There is no convincing empirical evidence that past climate was unchanging,
nor that 20th century changes in average global temperature were unusual or
unnatural.
64)
Michael Mann of Penn State University has actually shown that the Medieval
Warm Period and the Little Ice Age did in fact exist, which contrasts with
his earlier work which produced the “hockey stick graph” which showed a
constant temperature over the past thousand years or so followed by a recent
dramatic upturn.
65)
The globe’s current approach to
climate change in which major industrialised countries agree to nonsensical
targets for their CO2 emissions by a given date, as it has been under the
Kyoto system, is very expensive.
66)
The “Climate-gate” scandal revealed
that a scientific team had emailed one another about using a “trick” for the
sake of concealing a “decline” in temperatures when looking at the history
of the Earth’s temperature.
67)
Global temperatures have not risen
in any statistically-significant sense for 15 years and have actually been
falling for nine years. The “Climate-gate” scandal revealed a scientific
team had expressed dismay at the fact global warming was contrary to their
predictions and admitted their inability to explain it was “a travesty”.
68)
The IPCC predicts that a warmer
planet will lead to more extreme weather, including drought, flooding,
storms, snow, and wildfires. But over the last century, during which the
IPCC claims the world experienced more rapid warming than any time in the
past two millennia, the world did not experience significantly greater
trends in any of these extreme weather events.
69)
In explaining the average
temperature standstill we are currently experiencing, the Met Office Hadley
Centre ran a series of computer climate predictions and found in many of the
computer runs there were decade-long standstills but none for 15 years – so
it expects global warming to resume swiftly.
70)
Richard Lindzen, Professor of
Atmospheric Sciences at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, wrote: “The
notion of a static, unchanging climate is foreign to the history of the
Earth or any other planet with a fluid envelope. Such hysteria (over global
warming) simply represents the scientific illiteracy of much of the public,
the susceptibility of the public to the substitution of repetition for
truth.”
71)
Despite the 1997 Kyoto Protocol’s status as the flagship of the fight
against climate change it has been a failure.
72)
The first phase of the EU’s
Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), which ran from 2005 to 2007 was a failure.
Huge over-allocation of permits to pollute led to a collapse in the price of
carbon from €33 to just €0.20 per tonne meaning the system did not reduce
emissions at all.
73)
The EU trading scheme, to manage
carbon emissions has completely failed and actually allows European
businesses to duck out of making their emissions reductions at home by
offsetting, which means paying for cuts to be made overseas instead.
74)
To date “cap and trade” carbon
markets have done almost nothing to reduce emissions.
75)
In the United States , the cap-and-trade is an approach designed to control
carbon emissions and will impose huge costs upon American citizens via a
carbon tax on all goods and services produced in the United States. The
average family of four can expect to pay an additional $1700, or £1,043,
more each year. It is predicted that the United States will lose more than 2
million jobs as the result of cap-and-trade schemes.
76)
Dr Roy Spencer, a principal research
scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, has indicated that out
of the 21 climate models tracked by the IPCC the differences in warming
exhibited by those models is mostly the result of different strengths of
positive cloud feedback – and that increasing CO2 is insufficient to explain
global-average warming in the last 50 to 100 years.
77)
Why should politicians devote our scarce resources in a globally competitive
world to a false and ill-defined problem, while ignoring the real problems
the entire planet faces, such as: poverty, hunger, disease or terrorism.
78)
A proper analysis of ice core records from the past 650,000 years
demonstrates that temperature increases have come before, and not resulted
from, increases in CO2 by hundreds of years.
79)
Since the cause of global warming is mostly natural, then there is in actual
fact very little we can do about it. (We are still not able to control the
sun).
80)
A substantial number of the panel of 2,500 climate scientists on the United
Nation’s International Panel on Climate Change, which created a statement on
scientific unanimity on climate change and man-made global warming, were
found to have serious concerns.
81)
The UK’s Met Office has been forced this year to re-examine 160 years of
temperature data after admitting that public confidence in the science on
man-made global warming has been shattered by revelations about the data.
82)
Politicians and activists push for renewable energy sources such as wind
turbines under the rhetoric of climate change, but it is essentially about
money – under the system of Renewable Obligations. Much of the money is paid
for by consumers in electricity bills. It amounts to £1 billion a year.
83)
The “Climate-gate” scandal revealed that a scientific team had tampered with
their own data so as to conceal inconsistencies and errors.
84)
The “Climate-gate” scandal revealed that a scientific team had campaigned
for the removal of a learned journal’s editor, solely because he did not
share their willingness to debase science for political purposes.
85)
Ice-core data clearly show that temperatures change centuries before
concentrations of atmospheric CO2 change. Thus, there appears to be little
evidence for insisting that changes in concentrations of CO2 are the cause
of past temperature and climate change.
86)
There are no experimentally verified
processes explaining how CO2 concentrations can fall in a few centuries
without falling temperatures – in fact it is changing temperatures which
cause changes in CO2 concentrations, which is consistent with experiments
that show CO2 is the atmospheric gas most readily absorbed by water.
87)
The Government’s Renewable Energy Strategy contains a massive increase in
electricity generation by wind power costing around £4 billion a year over
the next twenty years. The benefits will be only £4 to £5 billion overall
(not per annum). So costs will outnumber benefits by a range of between
eleven and seventeen times.
88)
Whilst CO2 levels have indeed
changed for various reasons, human and otherwise, just as they have
throughout history, the CO2 content of the atmosphere has increased since
the beginning of the industrial revolution, and the growth rate has now been
constant for the past 25 years.
89)
It is a myth that CO2 is a pollutant, because nitrogen forms 80% of our
atmosphere and human beings could not live in 100% nitrogen either: CO2 is
no more a pollutant than nitrogen is and CO2 is essential to life.
90)
Politicians and climate activists make claims to rising sea levels but
certain members in the IPCC chose an area to measure in Hong Kong that is
subsiding. They used the record reading of 2.3 mm per year rise of sea
level.
91)
The accepted global average
temperature statistics used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
show that no ground-based warming has occurred since 1998.
92)
If one factors in non-greenhouse influences such as El Nino events and large
volcanic eruptions, lower atmosphere satellite-based temperature
measurements show little, if any, global warming since 1979, a period over
which atmospheric CO2 has increased by 55 ppm (17 per cent).
93)
US President Barack Obama pledged to cut emissions by 2050 to equal those of
1910 when there were 92 million Americans. In 2050, there will be 420
million Americans, so Obama’s promise means that emissions per head will be
approximately what they were in 1875. It simply will not happen.
94)
The European Union has already
agreed to cut emissions by 20 percent to 2020, compared with 1990 levels,
and is willing to increase the target to 30 percent. However, these are
unachievable and the EU has already massively failed with its Emissions
Trading Scheme (ETS), as EU emissions actually rose by 0.8 percent from 2005
to 2006 and are known to be well above the Kyoto goal.
95)
Australia has stated it wants to slash greenhouse emissions by up to 25
percent below 2000 levels by 2020, but the pledges were so unpopular that
the country’s Senate has voted against the carbon trading Bill, and the
Opposition’s Party leader has now been ousted by a climate change sceptic.
96)
Canada plans to reduce emissions by 20 percent compared with 2006 levels by
2020, representing approximately a 3 percent cut from 1990 levels but it
simultaneously defends its Alberta tar sands emissions and its record as one
of the world’s highest per-capita emissions setters.
97)
India plans to reduce the ratio of emissions to production by 20-25 percent
compared with 2005 levels by 2020, but all Government officials insist that
since India has to grow for its development and poverty alleviation, it has
to emit, because the economy is driven by carbon.
98)
The Leipzig Declaration in 1996, was signed by 110 scientists who said: “We
– along with many of our fellow citizens – are apprehensive about the
climate treaty conference scheduled for Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997” and
“based on all the evidence available to us, we cannot subscribe to the
politically inspired world view that envisages climate catastrophes and
calls for hasty actions.”
99)
A US Oregon Petition Project stated “We urge the United States government to
reject the global warming agreement that was written in Kyoto, Japan in
December, 1997, and any other similar proposals. The proposed limits on
greenhouse gases would harm the environment, hinder the advance of science
and technology, and damage the health and welfare of mankind. There is no
convincing scientific evidence that human release of CO2, methane, or other
greenhouse gasses is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause
catastrophic heating of the Earth’s atmosphere and disruption of the Earth’s
climate.”
100)
A report by the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change
concluded “We find no support for the IPCC’s claim that climate observations
during the twentieth century are either unprecedented or provide evidence of
an anthropogenic effect on climate.”